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USCIS 政策备忘录 PM-602-0199：身份调整裁量权可能发生的转变
2026年5月21日，美国公民及移民服务局（USCIS）发布了政策备忘录 PM-602-0199，重新界定移民官员应如何评估 I-485 身份调整 (Adjustment of Status，下称“AOS”）申请。该备忘录强调，身份调整并非一种当然享有的权利，而是一种具有裁量性质的减免形式，其原则上应保留给“特殊”情形，而不应作为海外移民签证程序的常规替代方式。该备忘录已立即引发移民从业人士、雇主以及已身处美国的外国申请人的广泛担忧。 PM-602-0199 带来了哪些变化 该备忘录进行了若干重大政策调整： 哪些内容并非新规定——但如今被重新强调 需要特别指出的是，PM-602-0199 并未创设新的身份调整法定资格要求。身份调整申请人仍须满足《移民与国籍法》(INA）第245条规定的基本法律要求，包括可入境性、签证名额可用性，以及在法律要求情况下的合法入境或假释。 长期以来，USCIS 一直认为，在大多数亲属移民与职业移民类别中，身份调整属于具有裁量性质的审批事项。 该备忘录主要是在重新强调若干既有法律原则： 真正看似新的地方在于：该备忘录加强强调，身份调整不应再被视为海外领馆程序的常规替代方案。 对当前身份调整申请人的影响 I-485 申请仍在 pending 状态的申请人，可能会面临对其移民历史、身份维持情况、过往签证意图、未经授权工作情况，以及此前向移民官员作出的陈述等方面更严格的审查。虽然该备忘录并不会自动导致 pending 案件被拒，但它可能带来更多补件通知（RFE）、拒绝意向通知（NOID）或基于裁量理由的拒签。 双重意图（dual-intent）签证持有人，尤其是 H-1B 与 L-1 非移民，看起来仍然受到较强保护，因为 USCIS 明确认可：移民意图与这些身份本身并不冲突。 相比之下，以 F-1、B-1/B-2、TN 或其他非双重意图签证类别入境的申请人，若 USCIS 认定其入境时持临时停留意图、但之后在未离境情况下追求永久居留身份，则可能面临更高的裁量性风险。...
USCIS Policy Memorandum PM-602-0199: A Potential Shift in Adjustment of Status Discretion
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